An Online Utility Bill Payment System

An Online Utility Bill Payment System Conceptual With the developing number of individuals who are been expanding forced for time, online service charge installment has become an agile answer for the purchasers with occupied ways of life. Through online installment of service charges, buyers can spare time, bother and along these lines make their lives a lot simpler. Albeit online service charge installment has gotten one of the quickest developing patterns on the planet especially in the US, in the Sri Lanka nonetheless, the advancement of family units embracing to online service charge installments is somewhat sluggish. Hence, the essential goal of this investigation is to dissect the variables affecting the purchasers expectation to embrace a service charge installment framework in Sri Lanka close by with the auxiliary targets of distinguishing the mindfulness level on online bill installments frameworks, looking at the most favored service charge installment alternatives and models, and the level of acknowledgment of online service charge installment frameworks by the buyers lastly to break down the future possibility concerning on the web service charge installments. Subsequently a study was led among 50 doctors from four significant medical clinics in the Colombo city. As per the outcome got from this examination, it was uncovered that in spite of the fact that when all is said in done all the respondents were to some degree mindful about online service charge installment frameworks, the more youthful respondents gained a superior information about online service charge installments than respondents from more seasoned age classifications. Moreover, all the respondents emphatically responded and expressed that it is significant for all the service organizations to stamp their online nearness in this manner permit clients to lead online exchanges as it would be more accommodation. In addition, factors classified under apparent dangers and saw benefits were found to have an impressive power on the shoppers goal to embrace an online service charge installment framework. Different factors, for example, administrations and highlights offered by organi zations, people PC information and expertise, and use of credit and check cards were likewise distinguished and are talked about in this exploration. Catchphrases: Online service charge Payment framework; Credit card use; web based business; selection; User expectation. Section 1 Presentation Today the improvement of online business has prompted the deduction of different web based exercises. For example organizations can lead their business exercises at extremely inconvenient times, arriving at clients in all pieces of the world along these lines extend their client base without topographically being restricted. Though in clients viewpoint, web based business gives a stage on which they can without much of a stretch do the essential exchanges whenever it might suit them. Henceforth even the organizations which offer utility types of assistance are intensely altering their industry in this manner receiving web for internet business purposes (Buccigross, 2000). This permits clients to make their service charge installments legitimately through service organizations sites or through an outsider site, for example, banks, money related foundations and aggregators. Online service charge installment is the point at which the client makes their installment exchanges online for the utility administrations got from a specific organization. By taking care of utility tabs by means of on the web, buyers have the advantages of keeping away from swarms, lining, stopping issues, and cutting their voyaging expenses and time (Ramayah et al, 2005). Consequently buyers could basically get their service bills paid with only a tick of their mouse. In Sri Lanka, the installment arrangement of service bills is somewhat unique to the frameworks set up in different nations. The service charges as a rule show up by post in this way the shoppers must visit the installment office so as to settle the installments. As referenced before, this procedure is typically joined by lining, stopping issues, and constrained installment alternatives. For instance, the CEB NWS DB just acknowledges installments made with money or checks at their installment counters. These issues can be considered as a problem for individuals whose occupations are of furious and unpleasant nature. Numerous service organizations in Sri Lanka have recognized this difficult hence have actualized different kinds of installment frameworks so as to give their shoppers a more extensive decision with regards to their installments (allude reference section A). Online service charge installment is one of the tip top decisions of installment frameworks that have been executed in the contemporary world. Issue Statement What are the elements molding and impacting a people aim to receive an online service charge installment framework? Issue Justification There is an absence of understanding concerning what is truly occurring in the neighborhood setting with respect to the selection of new innovative administrations identified with the web. Consequently there are not really any looks into that have been completed so as to comprehend the purchasers see point with respect to online service charge installment frameworks that have been executed. Along these lines the information about shoppers conduct identified with this region of study is fundamental for service organizations and different sellers working in comparative organizations so as to evaluate the potential market accessible henceforth use the web as a device of chance for those organizations to develop and grow their market. The examination will likewise be basic for government service organizations (for example CEB) since they have not yet executed the administration of permitting the clients to take care of their utility tabs legitimately through the organizations sites. The data began from this examination will empower both the administration and private service organizations to recognize the importance of the elements affecting the shoppers goal to embrace online service charge installment frameworks therefore create procedures to additionally improve their business exercises. Destinations of the Study To decide mindfulness level about online service charge installment frameworks by buyers. To examine the variables impacting the customers expectation to receive an online service charge installment framework. To discover the most acknowledged online service charge installment alternatives and the favored bill installment modes by shoppers. To investigate the level of acknowledgment of an online service charge installment framework by purchasers. To analyze the looming future possibility of online service charge installment frameworks in Sri Lanka. Noteworthiness of the Study This investigation will predominantly encourage the service organizations and different merchants in Sri Lanka to recognize the elements affecting the purchasers aim to receive online service charge installment frameworks, for this situation doctors who are dwelling in Colombo, a profoundly gifted and an esteemed populace in the nation. In this manner by seeing such factors, organizations will have the option to dispose of the vulnerability levels and have a reasonable view about the potential market for online service charge installment in Sri Lanka. This investigation will additionally enable the service organizations to create upgraded techniques with respect to the installment alternatives that are being made accessible to their customers. Mindfulness about online service charge installment will permit purchasers to adjust to these new advances in this manner misuse the benefits of the web. The data and information that have been gathered in this examination will help the future scientists directing looks into identified with customers aim to receive online bill installment frameworks as a rule. Extent of the Study This examination was done to experimentally research the elements influencing the shoppers aim to embrace an online service charge installment framework. Nonetheless, the review test of the investigation comprised uniquely of doctors working in four (4) private medical clinics arranged inside the Colombo city limits. Moreover, the doctors were from different foundations hence to accomplish results that are increasingly reasonable and to more readily mean the individuals that take care of utility tabs, the example must be progressively differentiated as far as age and topographical area (He Mykytyn, 2007), ideally mortgage holders who are answerable for their separate family charge installments. Section 2 Writing Review Online Utility Bill Payment Online service charge installment is the point at which the customer makes his/her installments for the utility service(s) acquired with the utilization of the web. The kinds of utility administrations are delineated in the table underneath. Today, the shoppers pattern in making service charge installments is expanding especially in the created countries Brant (2008). In the Sri Lankan setting be that as it may, in spite of the fact that the nation outlines a consistent development regarding web use particularly from the clients in the urban regions (Sathrasinghe, 2004), this has not been accompanied by a comparative development in the quantity of purchasers making on the web service charge installments. Indeed as indicated by the Central Bank of Sri Lanka (2008), the general exchanges made by customers over the web outlined a declining pattern. Online Utility Bill Payment Models Options There are different installment models and installment choices accessible to the clients with regards to covering on the web utility tabs dissimilar to in the conventional (or disconnected) technique for charge installment where the client is constrained to pay by either in real money, check, or electronic installment at a given installment community. There are two kinds of online service charge installment models, to be specific direct model and circuitous model. The accompanying table portray further subtleties on these two models. Backhanded Model (Third Party) Buyers pay any biller through an outsider site, for example, a bank or entryway, or by utilizing programming that connects with the payers bank (Flynn Bowes, 2005) Programmed Bill Settlement by American Express (American Express, 2010) HSBC Easy Bill Settlement for Utility Bills (Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation, 2010) With the advancement of installment alternatives from bargain to product based, to cash and coin, to card-based and, all the more as of late, to electronic system based frameworks (Mantel, 2000), current purchasers have a more extensive decision with regards to covering their utility tabs through on the web. The table 3 beneath shows different

Insider Trading Law

Presentation Insider exchanging has shaken newsrooms of late. Probably the most well known occurrences that had genuine results on the organizations that were included incorporate Martha Stewart, WorldCom and Enron situations. The illicit type of insider exchanging is the exchanging that happens in a security showcase, following trade of material data, which isn't offered to the general public.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Insider Trading Law explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More As a consequences of its undue and dangerous nature â€Å"this exchanging is banned by the US Securities Exchange Commission SEC †this is especially in light of the fact that it will in general demolish the investors’ confidence† (Reh, 2012, p. 1). This paper looks to break down an article that includes an insider exchanging Tokyo, trailed by a basic examination of insider exchanging. Rundown of the article †JPMorgan Implicated in Japan’s Insider Trading Probe This CNBC article shows how JPMorgan was up to speed in Japan’s Insider Trading Probe. In this dramatization, a few insiders had schemed to assist Nippon With sheeting Glass get a few offers in 2010. It was affirmed that the material data was spilled to Asuka Asset Management Fund by a sales rep from JPMorgan. This insider exchanging has become the request for the day in the Tokyo protections showcase. Incredibly, the punishment forced by the Japanese securities exchange controllers is unimportant and may not bar a rehash of the bad habit. In that capacity, it was likely that JP Morgan would pull off it, as the punishment that could have been forced is immaterial. One of Asuka’s support administrators was said to have been engaged with the insider exchanging, and he was calmed from his obligations, however it was not satisfactory whether he was terminated. Examinations uncovered that Asuka had profited by the hole, something that had not been res earched well by the bank. This left inquiries on whether the entire association was included, or it was just JP Morgan. Daiwa separated themselves from any fault by expressing that there was no tenable demonstrate that they were engaged with any illicit conduct. This occurrence and numerous others, which are like this have prompted an analysis of the Japanese regulator’s crackdown, which is viewed as terribly disgraceful as it doesn't include intense authorizes in significant markets. Basic examination of insider exchanging An insider is a gathering that is conscious of basic data with respect to a substance, which affects the cost of its stock, or which can have some effect on the investors’ choices. For the situation broke down above, it was claimed that a JPMorgan sales rep was answerable for spillage of materials data, which was not made accessible to the general population. This JPMorgan sales rep is the insider for this situation, and the data he spilled was mate rial, since it impacted the choice of the speculators, in front of a $505 million offer offer.Advertising Looking for article on business financial matters? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is clear that the company’s officials who are associated with such an arrangement, including share representatives approach material data. The JPMorgan top deals administrators, for instance, knew the plans of the offer. Besides, an administrative official who gets ready data to be distributed in the press, or the bookkeeper who embraces deals gauges investigation can also be viewed as insiders. To forestall unlawful going of material data, there ought to be an approach to control the quantity of individuals who can get to material data because of its affectability. There are scores of reasons why this ought to be finished. To start with, there is the conspicuous explanation of constraining the chance of certain individuals reve aling data, which is material. The subsequent explanation is that the insiders ought to be constrained on the time they can exchange on the entity’s stock †which can be the center of months. As prove on account of JPMorgan, the top sales reps are additionally insiders who are conscious of basic data. The individuals who are occupied with advertising, for instance, by getting ready open affirmations are insiders whose capacity to release material data ought to be controlled. As an insider has been characterized over, the individuals associated with RD, during the presentation of another item in the market are likewise insiders, who can release material data. In conclusion, different gatherings who are insiders incorporates financiers, legitimate agents and different organizations that could be approaching some basic data of the organization, during release of their obligations. This law has viably gotten even an individual who is anything but a senior individual from the administration. For instance, if the ranking director of a substance uncovers, to a normal individual, that its best desire for a stage forward item won't be endorsed by the administrative body; at that point it implies that that individual is in all regards an insider, much the same as a ranking director undoubtedly. The pith here is that such an individual ought not be permitted to exchange with politeness of that data before the overall population gets aware of it. Thus, such individuals are viewed as â€Å"temporary insiders†, and along these lines, can't engage in exchanging to exploit such data, without being blamed for overstepping the law. The Security Exchange Act of 1934, area 10(b) and 14(e) accord the SEC the forces to acquire a court request to constrain the accessories to restore the benefits they have gotten from such an arrangement. Moreover, SEC can request that the court power the organization to take care of an extremely overwhelming punishment, which is re lative to the measure of benefits acknowledged from the illicit exchanging. Close by these money related fines are criminal fines.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Insider Trading Law explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Just like the Japanese regulator’s crackdown that has been talked about above which is by all accounts horribly inadequate, I think these fines are not satisfactory, and ought to be made fundamentally progressively serious. I emphatically bolster a United States charge, which will make the individuals who are blamed for insider exchanging responsible for submitting a lawful offense that prompts detainment for a period at least 10 years. End In perspective on this conversation, it has been discovered that insider exchanging is a retrogressive action that adds up to duping of investors, and which ought to be deserving of the hardest terms conceivable. The illicit type of insider exchanging is the exchanging that happens in a security showcase, following trade of material data, which isn't offered to the overall population. The solid analysis of the Japanese regulator’s crackdown is a reminder. It shows that this issue isn't taken with the reality it merits, by the administrative bodies, which are endowed to diminish the insider business. It ought to be to the greatest advantage of organizations to keep away from insider exchanging so they are not examination by the administrative bodies †this is especially in light of the fact that, significantly subsequent to being freed from any wrong doing, such an examination can have an enduring harm on the company’s notoriety. Reference Reh, F.J. (2012). Insider Trading. Recovered from https://www.thebalancecareers.com/insider-exchanging 2275117 This paper on Insider Trading Law was composed and put together by client Kristen W. to help you with your own examinations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; be that as it may, you should refer to it as needs be. You can give your paper here.

The 2015-16 Supplemental Admissions Essays Are Out!

The 2015-16 Supplemental Admissions Essays Are Out! The Supplemental Admissions Essays Are Out, U Chicago Says, Write Whatever You Want The Supplemental Admissions Essays Are Out, U Chicago Says, Write Whatever You Want The race to 2015-16 college admissions has begun and (to mix our metaphors) this week has already seen a flurry of colleges release their essay prompts for the coming year. ICYMI: UVa, UNC Chapel Hill, University of Michigan, and Georgia Tech have all posted their prompts, and we can all expect this onslaught to continue in the coming weeks. As colleges across the country persist with classic prompts, asking students to respond to quotes, describe their influences, and otherwise explain how they would fit into their future campus communities, The University of Chicago continues on its quest for Lady-Gaga-esque originality with this year’s batch of “Uncommon Application” Extended Essay Questions. These unconventional gems of college admissions lore are known to push students to their creative limits. While the English nerds may jump for joy and the future engineers quake in their boots, we’d like to draw everyone’s attention to the last two prompts: Essay Option 6. In the spirit of adventurous inquiry, pose a question of your own. If your prompt is original and thoughtful, then you should have little trouble writing a great essay. Draw on your best qualities as a writer, thinker, visionary, social critic, sage, citizen of the world, or future citizen of the University of Chicago; take a little risk, and have fun. Essay Option 7. In the spirit of historically adventurous inquiry, to celebrate the University of Chicago’s 125th anniversary, please feel free to select from any of our past essay questions. In other words: write whatever you want! For those who blanched at the thought of exposing their personal paradoxes (Option 2) or got tangled up in puns trying to come up with their own “Babe Ruth Bader Ginsburg” (Option 3), there is a way out. This liberation from prompts can be daunting in its own way, though. So we are here to remind you that brainstorming is your friend. Taking some time to search your memory, freewrite, or even just play can help you provide a fresh response to a classic prompt, navigate an uncommon prompt, or even choose your own adventure. At the end of the day, you should always be writing about whatever you want. About Thea HogarthView all posts by Thea Hogarth »

The compatibility of an established church system - Free Essay Example

Introduction This essay will look to analyse the compatibility of an established church system alongside democracy in the 21st Century. Oliva notes that the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“whole debate about establishment has concentrated on the English situationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [1] and the position and role of religious figures and bodies such as bishops and the Church of England (CofE) will form the basis of analysis for this essay. In order to assess this, the definitions and traits of an established church system will be explored first. Establishment The question arises as to what exactly a church establishment is. Establishment is a point of contention within the legal framework as there is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“there is no single definition of establishmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ .[2] However, commentators and the judiciary alike have attempted to define establishment. Firstly, Ogilvie notes that an established church à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“is recognised by the State as the truest expression of the Christian faithà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [3] which the state has a legal duty to protect.[4] This definition reflects the unique position of an established church in a state due to the importance and the acceptance of the church by the state. Furthermore, for the Australian judiciary, establishment has at least four definitions[5] and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“the most commonly used definitionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  [6] concerns conferring the status of a state church on a religious body.[7] In the United Kingdom (UK), there are two churches established by law; the CofE and the Church of Scotland (CofS).[8] The CofE possesses à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“certain important links with the stateà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [9] yet is not regarded as a department of state as the Church has its own religious objectives which are not the same objectives of the government.[10] However, such a statement is debateable considering the presence of bishops in the House of Lords (HOL). Furthermore, establishment is further split into two types in England; high establishment and low establishment.[11] High establishment is concerned with the presence of religious figures in the constitution[12] and low establishment is concerned with the presence of the CofE in the everyday lives of ordinary citizens.[13] With this distinction in mind, the prevalence of the CofE and state churches within a democracy will be discussed in order to assess their compatibility. The CofE This section will consider the role of the CofE in the terms of high establishment[14]and assess whether it h as relevance in modern democracy. The CofE has been described as being à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“autonomousà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [15] and this raises the question in regards to its current day relationship with the state and society in general. It has also been described as having once been à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“an equal partner with the stateà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [16] but its present place within the constitution has been called into question.[17] Based on the above, there seems to be valid calls for the disestablishment of a CofE due to its declining relevance and subsequent low impact on society. The reasoning behind this thought is due to the changing religious demographic of the British public and the decline in active membership of the CofE.[18] It has been noted that there are roughly one million Muslims in the UK[19] alongside à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“substantial Hindu and Sikhà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [20] populations. In modern democracy, where voters now profess to religions other than Christianity more so than eve r before, should the CofE still hold a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“privileged positionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ?[21] It would be suitable to look at the statements of the leaders of other religious denominations in order to assess this question. It has been noted that the Muslims would like the church to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“act as the advocate for all belief systemsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [22] whilst the Sikhsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ are happy with the establishment so long as the church act with tolerance in regards to other faiths[23] and the Jewish community also have a similar opinion.[24] It can therefore be submitted that the CofE represents a religious symbol for all faiths regardless of the fact that it is a Protestant Christian Church. The statements provided above further highlight this thought and the CofE can be said to provide a safeguard for all faiths in the public arena. Certain commentators have stated that the established church system is derived from à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“seventeen century experiencesà ¢Ã¢ ‚ ¬Ã‚ [25] and has à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“long wornà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [26] out; however, the evidence provided above reflects its relevance in the 21st Century through the importance other religions attach to the establishment. The disestablishment of the church may not only result in outrage from Protestant Christians; there may also be a backlash from other religious groups and this indeed demonstrates the compatibleness of a church system alongside the modern democracy. However, although the CofE has been discussed in terms of a religious symbol; we must also consider the functions of the church and the roles certain individuals have. The Monarch It is the monarchà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s relationship with the CofE which reflects one aspect of the relationship between the church and the state due to the powers she holds in relation to the CofE and her status as the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“supreme governor of the churchà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ .[27] These powers will now be discussed in order to analyse whether the state and the CofE are compatible alongside each other. The monarch possesses certain powers in relation to the CofE. Her powers include the appointment of diocesan bishops[28], suffragan[29] bishops and to assent church legislation. The issues of the bishops will be discussed further on; the point of focus here is that relationship between the monarch and the CofE. The most contentious point here is the position of the monarch being the supreme governor of the CofE. The specific issue of contention is regarding the fact that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“only an Anglican monarch could be the supreme governor of the CofEà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ;[30] thus denying the thought of having a non-Anglican monarch. This controversial point has been discussed by Brazier who feels that it shouldnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t be an issue at this present moment due to practical reasons.[31] He cites the reality that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“any foreseeable future supreme governor is likely to be an Anglicanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ .[32] Whilst this point is highly accurate, the position of the monarch must be assessed light of its compatibility with democracy; it is here where the issue is relevant. Oliva is particularly critical of the aforementioned notion due to the laws being of an anti-catholic nature. He is of the opinion that these anti-catholic vestiges suggest that the maintenance of the monarch is dependent on such vestiges.[33] In relation to democracy, due to the current composition of different religions within society, it can be submitted that the position of the monarch as the supreme governor of the CofE is not compatible with a democracy. Certain sections of society, especially Roman Catholics, may find her position as offensive due to her advocating Protestant Christianity as the true religion and the indirect denouncement of Catholicism. It can therefore be submitted that due to the reasons outlined, the laws which govern the monarchà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s position are outdated and are res tricted to the society in which they were passed. In todayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s society, this position is not as relevant due to the change in religious demographic. The Fabian Commission[34] report may be a way to rectify this issue and the removal of her as the head of the CofE would not amount to total disestablishment of the church but would help her to be seen as embracing all faiths as opposed to one; an important concept in todayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s multi-cultural society. Bishops The presence of bishops in the HOL has become more controversial as society has diversified. The diocesan bishops of the CofE are eligible to sit in the HOL as Lord Spiritual[35] and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“only the CofE has guaranteed institutional representation in the lordsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [36]; a huge benefit for the CofE. As mentioned above, it is the monarch who appoints bishops of the CofE and historically, the Prime Minister (PM) had a more prominent role in relation to the advice offered to the mo narch. The current position sees the PM takes a lesser role as a result of the Governments statement in 2007; the Crown Appointments Commission now sends only one name to the PM and he conveys this to the Queen.[37] The UK is the only legislature in the European Union with such an arrangement and this has been described as being à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“uniqueà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . [38]The suitability of the presence of the bishops in the HOL will now be discussed. The issue of their presence has been discussed at length due to the change of religious compositions residing in Britain; a point which can be found in the governmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s white paper in 1998.[39] The Wakeham report then sought to offer solutions to these criticisms such as the appointment of people from other faith groups[40] but the government did not accept their proposals.[41] Further reports on reforming the HOL have also considered the bishopsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ presence in the HOL[42] and Oliva feels that there wi ll be à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“no room for bishopsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [43] in a wholly-elected house. Most of the criticisms are centred upon the suitability of having members from one religion denomination in the HOL, however, we must also consider the benefits of the bishopsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ presence and weigh them against the criticisms. It has been noted that the bishops à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“possess a wide range of experienceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [44] and they possess a unique skill in being able to provide a balanced view due to their interactions with public institutions and ordinary citizens.[45] This is a skill which must not be underestimated; the knowledge and balanced views that they provide in the HOL is invaluable to society. Their opinions will be formed to provide a medium between the needs of society and the aspirations of politicians. This, in theory, provides a voice in the HOL for the members of society as the bishops can represent their views; the removal of the bishops would take awa y such benefits and it can be submitted that this would be detrimental to society. Furthermore, the concept of having multi-faith representation in the HOL by reducing the number of bishops is, in theory, a brilliant concept which would represent the diverse nature of society. However, the practical aspect of achieving this has been called into question.[46] How would we know which religious representatives to choose from? There would be every chance that at least one religion would be overlooked and this would open the door to more controversy and may even lead to claims of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“discriminationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ .[47] There may also be sectarian differences within religions; for example should there be a Sunni or a Shia Muslim, a Catholic or Protestant Christian? How would each sect react if the other is represented and they are not? Having one religious representation in the HOL rather than having all representations apart from one is more desirable. Furthermore, Smith also envisages dispute arising in the HOL due to different representations disagreeing with each other and some representations not conforming to the liberal traditions of the UK in matters such as divorce.[48] Such scenarios would be detrimental to the HOL. Furthermore, in a fascinating interview with bishops conducted by Harlow, bishops themselves said that they see themselves as being able to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“represent faiths generally, not just the Church of Englandà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ .[49] It can therefore be submitted that the situation would be complicated by appointing individuals from different faiths and this proposal is not feasible in reality. Due to the reasons outlined, it is evident that the bishopsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ presence in the HOL is perfectly compatible with democracy due to the benefits associated with them and the weak nature of the reforms proposed. Other Systems The establishment systems in other countries will briefly be discussed. In Scotland, the position of the CofS as an established church has à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“been subject to debateà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ .[50] It has a different relationship with the state than the CofE as the monarch is not the supreme governor of the church, members have no right to sit in the HOL and legislation of the church does not require acknowledgement from the crown.[51] However, this is not to say that the CofS has no links whatsoever with the state. There are statutory oaths of respect for Presbyterianism[52] and the monarch is a special guest at the General Assesmbly.[53] The Scottish model represents an alternative to the current English model and may even be the way forward for England.[54] In modern democracy, the CofS is compatible as it is not strictly established in the English sense, therefore avoiding the controversies surrounding the CofE. This model supports the theory that a church establishment is not essential for a country and may even be preferred. However, that is not to say that establishment i s no longer compatible. There are several European Union (EU) countries which have a system similar to Englandà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s. The Danish church is an example of this[55], as are the Greek and Finland models.[56] This highlights the point that it is not only England which has an established church system which some feel is outdated. On the contrary, other countries in the EU have the same approach and feel it is still compatible in modern times. Low Establishment The presence of the CofE in the terms of low establishment also benefits society immensely. The requirement of having a chaplain in every prison in England[57] could have a massive impact on the rehabilitation of inmates which is one of the aims of sentencing.[58] Religion also has a place in the education system of the UK through the compulsory teaching of religious education.[59] This will be beneficial to children as they can study the different religions which are represented in our multicultural society th us embracing diversity and they may even choose to follow one. Furthermore, if children have the right to study other compulsory subjects such as Maths, English and Science, should they also not have the right to study religious education? Disestablishment of the church could also lead to the abolishment of this requirement and could even constitute a breach of human rights.[60] Furthermore, without a church system, there could also be a minute possibility that Christmas would not be a national public holiday as it is a Christian festival. Surely, even Atheists would not be happy with such a scenario and there will be a national outcry. Conclusion This essay has focused mainly on Englandà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s established church model as it is the country we reside in, therefore, it can be submitted that Englandà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s model would be the most suitable country to analyse an established church system alongside democracy. As documented above, England highlights that an established church system is compatible alongside democracy in the 21st century even though the religious composition of society has drastically changed; the church systems utilised by other EU countries further reinforces this point. That is not to say that every aspect of the church system is perfect; the monarchsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ role in relation to the CofE needs to be reconsidered[61] due to the reasons outlined above. However, the position of the CofE as a symbol of religion in the public eye for all faiths also demonstrates the compatibleness of a church system with democracy and minimises the need for change. Furthermore, the benefits of bishopsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ presence in the HOL justify maintaining their position. It can therefore be submitted that an established church system is compatible with 21st century democracy as demonstrated by the English model. Bibliography Primary Sources Cases AG (Victoria) ex rel Black v Commonwealth (1981) 146 C.L.R. 559 at 595-7 (H Ct Australia) Aston Cantlow and Wilmcote with Billesley Parochial Church Council v Wallbank [2004] 1 AC 456 Legislation Accession Declaration Act 1910 Act of Supremacy 1559 Appointment of Bishops Act 1534 Human Rights Act 1998 Schedule 1 Part 1 Article 9 Suffragan Bishops Act 1534 Secondary Sources Articles Brazier R, Legislating about the monarchy [2007] CLJ Carr W, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“A Developing Establishmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  [1999] Theology Cranmer F, Church StateÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ °relations in the United Kingdom: a Westminster view [2001] ELJ Morris B, The future of church establishment [2010] ELJ Morris B, The future of high establishment [2011] ELJ Ogilvie M H, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“What is a Church by Law Established?à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  [1990] XXVIII OHLJ Oliva J G, Church,ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ °state and establishment in the United Kingdom in the 21st century: anachronism or idiosyncrasy? [2010] PL Smith C, The place of representatives of religion in the reformed second chamber [2003] PL Harlow A, Cranmer F Doe N, Bishops in the House of Lords: a critical analysis [2008] PL Books Rosser-Owen D, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“A Muslim Perspectiveà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , in Modood (ed.), Church, State and Religious Minorities, 1997 Singh R, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“A Sikh Perspectiveà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , in Modood (ed.), Church, State and Religious Minorities Fabian Society, The Future of the Monarchy (Fabian Society, London, 2003) The Constitution Unit, Comparative Study of Second Chambers (University College London, London: University College 2002) Websites Sentencing Council, Sentencing basics (Sentencing Council) https://sentencingcouncil.judiciary.gov.uk/sentencing/sentencing-basics.htm last accessed 25/03/2014 Word Count (Excluding Footnotes and Bibliography): 2500 [1] Javier Garcia Oliva, Church,ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ °state and establishment in the United Kingdom in the 21st century: ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ °anachronism or idiosyncrasy? [2010] PL [2] Oliva (n1) [3] M. H. Ogilvie, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“What is a Church by Law Established?à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  [1990] XXVIII OHLJ [4] Ogilvie (n3) [5] AG (Victoria) ex rel Black v Commonwealth (1981) 146 C.L.R. 559 at 595-7 (H Ct Australia) per Gibbs J [6] Oliva (n1) [7] AG (Victoria) ex rel Black v Commonwealth (n5) [8] Frank ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ °Cranmer, Church ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ °State ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ °relations in the ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ °United ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ °Kingdom: a ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ °Westminster ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ °view [2001] ELJ [9] Aston Cantlow and Wilmcote with Billesley Parochial Church Council v Wallbank [20 04] 1 AC 456 per Lord Rodger [10] Aston Cantlow and Wilmcote with Billesley Parochial Church Council v Wallbank per Lord Rodger (n9) [11] W. 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Singh, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“A Sikh Perspectiveà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , in Modood (ed.), Church, ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ °State and Religious Minorities, p.67 [24] Oliva (n1) [25] Bob Morris, The future of church ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ °establishment [2010] ELJ [26] Morris (n25) [27] Act of Supremac y 1559 [28] Appointment of Bishops Act 1534 [29] Suffragan Bishops Act 1534 [30] Rodney Brazier, Legislating about the ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ °monarchy [2007] CLJ [31] Brazier (n30) [32] Brazier (n30) [33] Oliva (n1) [34] Fabian Society, The Future of the Monarchy (Fabian Society, London, 2003) [35] The Constitution Unit , Comparative Study of Second Chambers (University College London , London: University College 2002) 35 [36] A.Harlow, F.Cranmer N.Doe, Bishops in the ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ °House of ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ °Lords: a ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ °critical ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ °analysis [2008] PL [37] Oliva (n1) [38] Oliva (n1) [39] Harlow, Cranmer Doe (n36) [40] C Smith, The place of ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ °representatives of ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ °religion in the ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ °reformed ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ °second ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ °chamber [2003] PL [41] Oliva (n1) [42] Oliva (n1) [43] Oliva (n1) [44] C Smith (n40) [45] C Smith (n40) [46] C Smith (n40) [47] C Smith (n40) [48] C Smith (n40) [49] Harlow Cranmer Doe (n36) [50] Oliva (n1) [51] Oliva (n1) [52] Accession Declaration Act 1910 [53] Oliva (n1) [54] Oliva (n1) [55] Oliva (n1) [56] Oliva (n1) [57] Oliva (n1) [58] Sentencing Council , Sentencing basics (Sentencing Council ) https://sentencingcouncil.judiciary.gov.uk/sentencing/sentencing-basics.htm last accessed 25/03/2014 [59] Oliva (n1) [60] Human Rights Act 1998 Schedule 1 Part 1 Article 9 [61] Oliva (n1)

The Bell Jar By Sylvia Plath - 1338 Words

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This is also when she starts to feel numb and feels that something is wrong with her. This is the very beginning of her journey with this feeling of nothing. The author wants us to go through the experience of thinking something is wrong and that she doesn’t feel anything with her. She wants us to feel that realization with her and wants us to actually realize that feeling of nothing; of feeling numb and not having any emotion at anything at all. Besides being sad. She introduces one of the only people she really connects withShow MoreRelatedThe Bell Jar, by Sylvia Plath1318 Words   |  6 Pageswe live. Many authors who seek this understanding fall short of their expectations and find themselves questioning life to an even greater extent than they had prior to their endeavors. One example of this would be author and poet Sylvia Plath, whose novel The Bell Jar parallels the tragic events that occurred throughout her own life. 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The Success Of Project Portfolio Management - 824 Words

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What is Strain in Geology

Strain is a word widely used in geology, and its an important concept. In everyday language, strain seems to signify tightness and tension, or effort expended against unyielding resistance. This is easy to confuse with stress, and indeed the dictionary definitions of the two words overlap. Physicists and geologists try to use the two terms more carefully. Stress is a force that affects an object, and strain is how the object responds to it.​ Various common forces that operate on Earth impose stress on geologic materials. Gravity does, and currents of water or air do, and the tectonic movements of the lithospheric plates do. The stress of gravity is called pressure. The stress of currents is called traction. Fortunately, tectonic stress is not called by another name. Stress is simple to express in calculations. Deformation from Stress Strain is not a force, but a deformation. Everything in the world—everything in the universe—deforms when subjected to stress, from the vaguest cloud of gas to the most rigid diamond. This is easy to appreciate with soft substances, where its change in shape is obvious. But even solid rock changes its shape when stressed; we just have to measure carefully to detect the strain. Elastic strain Strain comes in two varieties. Elastic strain is the strain that we sense in our own bodies—it is stretching that bounces back when the stress is reduced. Elastic strain is easy to appreciate in rubber  or metal springs. Elastic strain is what makes balls bounce and the strings of musical instruments vibrate. Objects that undergo elastic strain are not harmed by it. In geology, elastic strain is responsible for the behavior of seismic waves in rock. Materials that are subjected to enough stress may deform beyond their elastic capacity, in which case they may rupture, or they may stretch which is the other kind of strain: plastic strain. Plastic Strain Plastic strain is deformation that is permanent. Bodies do not recover from plastic strain. This is the kind of strain we associate with substances like modeling clay, or bent metal. In geology, plastic strain is what results in landslides in sediment, particularly slumps and earth flows. Plastic strain is what makes metamorphic rocks so interesting. The alignment of recrystallized minerals—the metamorphic fabric of schist, for instance—is a plastic response to the stresses imposed by burial and tectonic activity.